명사절을 이끄는 접속사,

that 뒤에는 완전한 절이 오고

what 뒤에는 불완전한 절이 온다

[김기훈 대표의 어법 끝!] 46. 관계사 (Relatives) ②
♣[which / what] 혹은 [that / what]을 구별해서 사용할 수 있어야 한다.

관계대명사 what은 선행사를 포함하고 있다. 관계대명사 which나 that과의 구별은 앞에 선행사가 있느냐 없느냐로 쉽게 구별된다.

What bothers me is that I can't get this program to start.

→ what이 선행사를 포함하므로 선행사가 없다.

The shapes of Korean kites are based on scientific principles which enable them to make good use of the wind.

→ principles가 which의 선행사 역할을 한다.

what은 명사절을 이끌기도 하므로 명사절을 유도하는 접속사 that과도 구별할 수 있어야 한다.이는 뒤에 이어지는 구조가 완전한지,불완전한지로 구별하면 된다.명사절을 이끄는 접속사 that 뒤에는 완전한 절이 오고 what 뒤에는 불완전한 절이 온다.

My confidence came from knowing what I liked and discovering that I was right most of the time.

→ what 이하의 절이 불완전하다

A recent study shows that aging does not affect the amount of new information you can absorb in a given period.

→ that 이하는 완전한 절이 온다

♣'관계부사'라는 용어에 모든 개념이 들어 있다.

관계부사 역시 선행사를 수식하는 절을 이끈다는 점에서는 관계대명사와 같으나,관계대명사가 대명사 역할을 하는 반면,관계부사는 부사 역할을 한다는 점에서 차이가 있다.관계부사의 용법에 있어서 다음 사실들을 꼭 기억해 두자.

①관계부사절의 문장구조는 완전하다.

He marked the spot where the needle would be inserted.

Remember the days when we feared nothing.

I cannot even remember the reason why I lost my temper in the first place.

②관계부사(where, when, why)는 앞의 선행사를 생략할 수 있다.

She lives about five blocks away from (the place) where I live.

She didn't tell me (the time) when she was arriving.

I wonder (the reason) why I can't let go of my sorrow.

③관계부사(where, when, why)는 앞에 선행사를 두고 관계부사 자체를 생략할 수 있다.

The place (where) I was standing was getting more and more crowded.

Nineteen ninety－nine was the year (when) we finally began to turn things around.

You are the reason (why) I survive.

④관계부사 how는 선행사 the way와 함께 쓰일 수 없다.

Show people by your own actions the way (how 불가) things should be done.

Observe (the way 불가) how the fish react to different environmental conditions.

♣Check it out

다음 문장의 [ ] 안에서 어법상 적절한 것을 고르라.

1.Is the job [that / what] you expected？

2.I've heard stories of sadness and delight [what / which] would be better than those on well－known TV programs.

3.Cellular phone manufacturers are anxious to bring out models [that / what] allow you to see the person you are talking to.

4.They talked about different problems in their countries and how to solve them. One of the things [which / what] they talked about was how to enforce laws against dumping waste into water sources.

5. "Stop！" This is a familiar sound [what / which] we hear all our lives - at work, at school, or in our personal relations.

6. A market may be a place [where / which] buyers put their money down and carry away whatever it is they have bought - groceries from a supermarket, for example.

7. Dr. Levy longs for the old days [when / which] children built strong immune systems by getting dirty.

8. Ever since the 1930's, archaeologists have believed that the Tigris and Euphrates valley in ancient Mesopotamia was the "cradle of civilization" [which / where], around 8000 B.C., people first settled in villages to cultivate wild grain and domesticate animals.

<정답> 1. what 2. which 3. that 4. which 5. which 6. where 7. when 8. where