[영어로 읽는 세기의 名연설] ⑫ 에이브러햄 링컨의 두 번째 취임 연설

“With malice toward none, Wtih charity for all…”

⊙ 연설의 배경

에이브러햄 링컨 미국 대통령은 1861년부터 4년간 16대 대통령으로 임무를 마치고 1865년 대통령에 재선된다.

이 연설은 두 번째 임기를 출발하는 취임식장에서 이뤄진 것이다.

링컨의 재임 기간은 남북전쟁 기간과 일치했다.

이 연설도 전쟁 종식을 37일 앞둔 1865년 3월4일 행해졌다.

그는 전쟁에서의 승리라는 전망보다 전쟁 이후 시대의 화해와 재건을 염두에 두고 미국인의 정신적 상처를 치유해야 한다는 더 근본적인 문제를 이 취임사의 배경 기조로 잡고 있다.

그가 제시한 것은 용서 화해 사랑이며, 이 화해의 정신은 연설문 마지막에 잘 나오고 있다.

그는 이 연설을 한 뒤 40일 만에 암살자 부스의 총에 맞아 숨졌다.

⊙ 에이브러햄 링컨(1809~1865)

미국 16대 대통령.

1832년 블랙호크 전쟁에서 인디언 토벌에 참가했으며 1846년 연방 하원 의원을 거쳐 1860년 대통령에 당선됐다.

링컨을 미국사의 한 정치적 영웅이 되게 한 것은 남북전쟁에서의 승리가 아니라 자유와 민주주의에 대한 비전과 확신, 인간에 대한 이해의 깊이 등이다.

⊙ 원문 읽기

Fellow countrymen: At this second appearing to take the oath of the presidential office，there is less occasion for an extended address than there was at the first.

Then a statement，somewhat in detail of a course to be pursued，seemed fitting and proper.

Now，at the expiration of four years，during which public declarations have been constantly called forth on every point and phase of the great contest which still absorbs the attention and ① engrosses the energies of the nation，little that is new could be presented.

The progress of our arms，upon which all else chiefly depends，is as well known to the public as to myself: and it is，I trust，reasonably satisfactory and encouraging to all.

With high hope for the future，no prediction in regard to it is ventured.

On the occasion corresponding to this four years ago，all thoughts were anxiously directed to an impending civil war.

All dreaded it－－ all sought to avert it.

While the inaugural address was being delivered from this place，devoted altogether to saving the Union without war，② insurgent agents were in the city seeking to destroy it without war－－ seeking to dissolve the Union，and divide effects，by negotiation.

Both parties ③ deprecated war: but one of them would make war rather than let the nation survive: and the other would accept war rather than let it perish.

And the war came.

One－eighth of the whole population were colored slaves，not distributed generally over the Union，but localized in the Southern part of it.

These slaves constituted a ④ peculiar and powerful interest.

All knew that this interest was，somehow，the cause of the war.

To strengthen，⑤ perpetuate，and extend this interest was the object for which the insurgents would rend the Union，even by war: while the government claimed no right to do more than to restrict the territorial enlargement of it.

Neither party expected for the war the magnitude or the duration which it has already attained.

Neither anticipated that the cause of the conflict might cease with，or even before，the conflict itself should cease.

Each looked for an easier triumph，and a result less fundamental and astounding.

Both read the same Bible，and pray to the same God: and each ⑥ invokes his aid against the other.

It may seem strange that any men should dare to ask a just God's assistance in ⑦ wringing their bread from the sweat of other men's faces: but let us judge not，that we be not judged.

The prayers of both could not be answered－－that of neither has been answered fully.

The Almighty has his own purposes.

"Woe unto the world because of offenses！ for it must needs be that offenses come: but woe to that man by whom the offense ⑧ cometh.

" If we shall suppose that American slavery is one of those offenses which，in the providence of God，must needs come，but which，having continued through his appointed time，he now wills to remove，and that he gives to both North and South this terrible war，as the woe due to those by whom the offense came，shall we ⑨ discern therein any departure from those divine attributes which the believers in a living God always ascribe to him？

Fondly do we hope－－⑩ fervently do we pray－－that this mighty scourge of war may speedily pass away.

Yet，if God wills that it continue until all the wealth piled by the ⑪ bondsman's two hundred and fifty years of ⑫ unrequited toil shall be sunk，and until every drop of blood drawn by the lash shall be paid by another drawn with the sword，as was said three thousand years ago，so still it must be said，"The judgments of the Lord are true and righteous altogether."

With malice toward none: with charity for all: with firmness in the right，as God gives us to see the right，let us strive on to finish the work we are in: to bind up the nation's wounds: to care for him who shall have borne the battle，and for his widow，and his orphan－－to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves，and with all nations.

▶ Verb & Idioms

① engross : 열중하게 하다, 몰두시키다

② insurgent : 폭도, 반대분자

③ deprecated : 헐뜯는, 비난하는

④ peculiar : 기묘한, 괴상한

⑤ perpetuate : 영속시키다

⑥ invoke : 기원하다, 간청하다

⑦ wringing : 짜는, 비트는

⑧ cometh : come의 문어체

⑨ discern : 인식하다, 이해하다

⑩ fervently : 강렬하게

⑪ bondman : 노예

⑫ unrequited : 무보수의