[Reading Skills] 26. 단락의 전개

하나의 단락이 이상적으로 이루어지려면 중심 내용과 이를 뒷받침해 주는 내용이 있어야 한다.


하나의 단락이나 글은 중심 생각을 나타내는 부분인 일반적 진술(general statement,G)과 예시,비유,이유 제시,해명,상세화 등을 통해 중심 생각을 뒷받침하는 구체적 진술(specific statement,S)로 이뤄진다.


대체로 단락에서는 중심 문장이 일반적 진술이 되고,보조 문장은 구체적 진술이 되기 쉽다.


대부분 단락의 처음에서 글쓴이가 말하고자 하는 주제 또는 요지가 진술되고,그 주장을 뒷받침해 주는 구체적 근거가 제시되는 방식은 두괄식이라 할 수 있다.


먼저 구체적 사항을 기술한 후 그것을 근거로 글쓴이가 전달하고자 하는 요지나 주장을 도출해 내는 는 미괄식에 해당한다.


경우에 따라 도 있고,,도 있다.


이제 주어진 세 단락의 글을 읽고 각 글의 진술 방식을 생각해 보자.


-----------------------------------------------------------------------


[1] Disaster is rarely as pervasive as it seems from recorded accounts. The fact of being on the record makes it appear continuous and ubiquitous whereas it is more likely to have been sporadic both in time and place. Besides, persistence of the normal is usually greater than the effect of disturbance, as we know from our own times. After absorbing the news of today, one expects to face a world consisting entirely of strikes, crimes, power failures, broken water mains, stalled trains, school shutdowns, muggers, drug addicts, neo-Nazis, and rapists. The fact is that one can come home in the evening-on a lucky day-without having encountered more than one or two of these phenomena. This has led me to formulate Tuchman's Law, as follows: "The fact of being reported multiplies the apparent extent of any deplorable development by five- to tenfold"(or any figure the reader would care to supply).


- Barbara Tuchman, A Distant Mirror



[2] I don't understand why people confuse my Siamese cat, Prissy, with the one I had several years ago, Henry. The two cats are only alike in breed. Prissy, a quiet, feminine feline, loves me dearly but not possessively. She likes to keep her distance from people, exert her independence, and uphold the cat's right to be finicky. She observes decorum and is never so rude as to beg, lick, or sniff unceremoniously. Her usual posture is sitting upright, eyes closed, perfectly still. Prissy is a very proper cat. Henry, on the other hand, was a disturbingly vocal tom cat who, before he died, loved me dearly but possessively. He was my shadow from morning until night. He expected me to constantly entertain him, and he was a crude, voracious eater. Henry never cared who saw him do anything, whether it was decorous or not, and he usually offended my friends in some way. The cat made himself quite comfortable, be it on top of the television, across strangers' feet or laps, in beds, drawers, sacks, closets, or nooks. The difference between Prissy and Henry is exactly the difference between Barbara Walters and Archie Bunker, and it would certainly take an imperceptive human to mistake those two.


- Anonymous



[3] Contemporary globalization has sometimes undermined the security of identity through cultural destruction. Various cultures have succumbed to an invasion of television, transworld tourism, global English, notions of universal human rights, global consumerism and other supraterritorial interventions that have contradicted local traditions. For example, radio made little time for the 'long songs' of the Dayak people in Sarawak. As a result this age-old cultural form was obliterated in less than 20 years after the introduction of the wireless. In addition, dams, roads and other major infrastructure projects financed by global institutions and/or built by global contractors have severely disrupted a number of indigenous ways of life. Indeed, transworld economic agencies like the IMF, OECD, WTO and World Bank have tended to be culturally blind ― an approach that has arguably contributed to some wanton destruction of lifeworlds. In these respects some observers have worried that globalization can crush cultural diversity along with biological diversity. Up to half of the languages currently spoken in the world are already threatened with extinction, and some linguists forecast that over 90 per cent could die out during the next century.


- Scholte, J. A. , Globalization: a critical introduction


-----------------------------------------------------------------------


[1]글쓴이는 첫 문장에서 주제를 제시하고,그 주제를 보충하기 위해서 여러 가지 예를 들어준다.


그리고는 그에 입각한 자신의 '규칙'을 만들어 결론을 제시하고 있다.


[2]이 글의 글쓴이는 자신의 예전 고양이와 현재 고양이의 차이를 언급한 후 결론을 내리고 있다.


[3]이 글은 세계화가 문화적 측면에 대해 끼친 부정적 영향을 언급한 후, 그 구체적 사례를 제시했고, 세계화가 문화적 다양성에 끼치게 될 부정적 영향을 언급한 후에도 그 사례를 들었다.


답 [1] G→S→G

[2] S→G

[3] G→S→G→S


김기훈 대표 cedu@ceduenglish.com


[ 약력 ]


△(전)기준어학원 대표


△(전)고려대 이화여대 성균관대 영어 특강


△(현)메가스터디 외국어영역 대표강사


△(현)㈜쎄듀 대표