생글생글

수동형 동사·~ing·형용사는 왜 앞 명사를 수식할까요

In this century, the most famous argument that language is like an instinct comes from Noam Chomsky, the linguist who first unmasked the intricacy of the system and perhaps the person most responsible for the modern revolution in language and cognitive science. In the 1950s the social sciences were dominated by behaviorism, the school of thought popularized by John Watson and B. F. Skinner. Behavior was explained by a few laws of stimulus-response learning that could be studied with rats pressing bars and dogs salivating to tones. But Chomsky called attention to two fundamental facts about language. First, virtually every sentence that a person utters or understands is a brand-new combination of words, appearing for the first time in the history of the universe. The second fundamental fact is that children develop these complex grammars rapidly and without formal instruction and grow up to give consistent interpretations to novel sentence constructions that they have never before encountered. Therefore, he argued, children must innately be equipped with a plan common to the grammars of all languages, a Universal Grammar, that tells them how to distill the syntactic patterns out of the speech of their parents.- Steven Pinker <The Language Instinct: The New Sciensce of Language ans Mind >에서 -이번 세기 들어 언어는 본능과 같다는 가장 유명한 주장은 노엄 촘스키로부터 비롯됐다. 그는 언어 시스템의 복잡성을 최초로 밝힌 학자이고, 오늘날의 언어와 인지 과학 혁명을 일으킨 인물이다. 1950년대 사회과학은 존 왓슨과 B F 스키너에 의해 널리 알려진 행동주의 학파에 장악됐다. 막대기를 누르는 쥐와 신호음에 침을 흘리는 개를 통해 자극과 반응으로 이뤄지는 학습이 연구됐고, 이 학습과 관련된 몇 개 법칙으로 행동은 설명됐다. 하지만 촘스키는 언어에 대한 두 가지 근본적인 사실에 주의를 환